How do cysts grow in polycystic kidneys? How can we stop them?

All of us don't want to the cyst become bigger and bigger in PKD patient.So we should pay more attention about how do cysts grow in polycystic kidneys?How can we stop them?

There’s a lot of very interesting clinical trials going on a the moment, and most are sounding quite promising. There are 34 listed at clinicaltrials.gov! There are more than ever going on now because a breakthrough discovery was made a few years ago when researchers discovered what makes cysts grow. They examined the fluid from PKD cysts and found that it contained antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, epidermal growth factor, and a lipophilic substance which stimulates the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Source: Therapuetic approaches to ADPKD. So now we know which substances stimulate kidney cells to turn into fluid-filled cysts, and this means we can test out various pharmaceuticals and other things to see if we can stop this overabundance.
We also now know that the hypertension seen in most PKD people is probably caused by cyst growth: the idea is that growing cysts cause ischemia (impaired blood flow) inside the kidney. This makes your kidney think you’ve developed low blood pressure from low blood volume, so it releases renin, a hormone produced in the kidney, which regulates blood pressure among other things. But the rest of your body usually has normal blood flow, so your systemic blood pressure goes up.
This is important to remember when you hear about kidney disease and blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause kidney damage for sure, but in PKD people, hypertension is more usually a sign that there is cyst growth. (Which may, in turn, cause further kidney damage, which you really want to avoid.) It’s also why antihypertensive medication that deals with renin seems to work best in those with PKD. Beta blockers aren’t usually recommended in PKD, but calcium channel blockers may be used if the others don’t work well. The PKD Foundation has a good page with information about hypertension in PKD. [Edit: Commenter Kyle has pointed out that beta blockers can in fact act on renin, and may be used in PKD. See the comments for my reasons why I'd come to think they were less useful in PKD.]

So what are some of the main clincial trials using this information? After quite a few trials on rats and mice which showed very promising results for various therapies, human trials are underway. Many people with PKD will have heard of the PKD-HALT study, which is seeing if using two types of anti-hypertensives which act on the renin-angiotensin system will help slow the progression of cyst growth. There’s also the TEMPO 3/4 study which is trialling Tolvaptan, a substance that blocks the vasopressin from ‘sticking’ to the vasopressin receptors. There’s also a trial which is attempting to mimic the diuretic effect of Tolvaptan with consumption of large volumes of water. Another trial is testing if rapamycin/Sirolimus will stop cell proliferation in PKD. Also showing promise are trials of PLX5568 (a drug which hasn’t been named yet); it’s a new protein kinase inhibitor shown to stop cyst growth and reduce kidney volume in animal trials.

Treatment

There is a therapy named Micro-Chinese Medicine Medicien.Different from the traditional Chinese medicine, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is an innovation to treat kidney disease in the external area of kidney lesions. It can treat kidney disease from the root cause and effectively prevent the relapse of kidney disease.

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